BORIFERROUS FUMAROLES

Super heated water emitted from boreholes in the ground in tuscany which have a temperature ranging from 150-260degree celsius and contains a relatively content of boric acid..Exploitation of a fumarole leads to product such as ELECTRICAL ENERGY,MECHANICAL ENERGY,BORIC ACIDS,AMMONIUM BICARBONATE,AMMONIUM SULPHATE,CARBONDIOXIDE,HYDROGEN,METHANE AND NOBLE GASES...

PROCESS

Natural vapour emerging from the wells[bore holes] is sent to heat exchanger E1 where pure steam is produced..The condensate obtained from the furnate vapour is first passed into the degassing column C2 which contains only Ammonia that is subsequently stripped out in the plate column C1..

The product from the top of C2 pass into the packed column C3 to
hold back the carbondioxide  and hydrogen sulphide while  HYDROGEN,METHANE and NOBLE GASES are sent to storage..

carbondioxide and hydrogen sulphide are liberated in C4 which discharges the degassed water into a drain..CARBONDIOXIDE after condensation in the cooling loop E2 is partially stored while the remainder of it is used to produce ammonium carbonate..Hydrogen sulphide passes on through the plant to be burnt..

A part of ammonia which has been stripped in C1 is used to produce AMMONIUM BICARBONATE with while the remainder combines with sulfuric acid to produce AMMONIUM SULPHATE..

 Water produced with the vapour from the fumarole which is derived in a degassed state from the tail of C1 is sent to heat exchanger E1 where the greatest part of it is vapourised bringing about condensation of natural vapour to solutions which are appreciably concentrated in BORIC ACID..These boric acid undergoes crystallization and centrifugation and a crystalline boric acid is obtained and stored..

 The steam obtained in E1 coming from the degassed water of C1 passes into steam turbine which drives the alternator to produce ELECTRICAL ENERGY..

 The capitalized words above are the product formed from the exploitation of a boriferous fumaroles..